Business deals me sabse bada sawal ye hota hai – agar kuch galat ho gaya, risk ka bill kaun pay karega? Yahin pe indemnity aur guarantee jaisi concepts kaam aate hain.
Indemnity: ek party doosri ko specific loss ke against protect karne ka promise deti hai. For example, seller promise karta hai ki agar past tax dispute future me nikal aaye aur buyer ko pay karna pade, toh wo reimburse karega. Indemnity generally two-party arrangement hota hai (indemnifier + indemnified).
Guarantee: teen parties – creditor, principal debtor, aur guarantor. Agar principal borrower default kare, toh guarantor liable hota hai. Classic example – bank loan me third-party guarantor sign karta hai.
Legal nuance ye hai ki guarantees me creditor pe kuch duties hoti hain (like not materially varying contract without guarantor consent), jabki indemnity me focus zyada contract text pe hota hai – kitna wide ya limited drafted hai.
Parties ko in clauses ko “standard boilerplate” karke ignore nahi karna chahiye. Ek badly worded indemnity future me unlimited liability jaisa feel kara sakti hai. Guarantee sign karne se pehle borrower ki real financial health samajhna equally important hai.
