Government decisions ab sirf files aur babus se nahi, algorithms aur digital ID systems se bhi impact ho rahe hain – welfare eligibility, risk scoring, predictive policing, automated face recognition, etc. Yeh sab constitutional questions raise karte hain.
Core concerns:
- Privacy – massive personal data central databases me store karna,
- Profiling – citizens ko risk/benefit categories me daalna,
- Transparency – algorithm ka logic secret hone par accountability kaise hogi?
- Due process – agar automated system aapko benefit deny kare, aap kaise challenge karoge?
Courts increasingly yeh examine kar rahe hain ki digital ID ya algorithm-driven governance proportionality test pass karta hai ya nahi – kya legitimate aim hai, kya measure necessary hai, kya safeguards sufficient hain, kya less intrusive options exist karte the.
Bias ek aur problem hai. Agar training data historic discrimination reflect karta hai, to algorithm automatically unfair outcomes produce kar sakta hai – especially in policing, credit, and welfare targeting. “Computer ne kiya, hum kya karein” acceptable defence nahi.
Constitution ka role yahan clear hai: technology ka use allowed hai, lekin fundamental rights ke framework ke under hi. Automation human responsibility ko replace nahi kar sakta; wo sirf ek tool hai, shield nahi.
